Stop spyware

What is spyware?
Spyware is a malicious form of software that can track the way in which you use your computer. It can monitor which websites you visit, the instant messaging conversations you have, the emails you send and the information you enter into documents and web pages. The data collected about you can be transmitted back to a central computer and one of the most worrying aspects of spyware is that there is no way of knowing what this information is going to be used for.

What is the difference between spyware and adware?
Spyware and adware are often confused. They are both unwanted pests, but they are distinctly different. The most basic of adware will bombard you with pop-up adverts as you are surfing the internet, while more sophisticated tools deliver 'targeted' adverts. This is achieved by tracking the type of websites you visit and then displaying adverts for similar sites or services. One of the key differences between spyware and adware is that you can be infected with spyware and simply not be aware of it, whereas adware will tend to draw attention to itself.

What are the risks? How can I get spyware on my PC?
Spyware can be obtained in a number of ways. Most commonly, spyware is installed in the background when you install another program. Free file-sharing software used to swap MP3 files are traditionally heavy offenders but many other types of programs, especially free software, carry the same risk. It is also possible to become infected with spyware by simply visiting a web site - the malicious software may be installed secretly in the background while you browse a site. Junk email is also a common source of spyware. An email that contains a link that purports to be a site for a certain product, may in fact link you directly to a spyware installation file.

What can I do to protect myself?
Take care when using your computer. Don't click any pop up adverts that may appear in your web browser, and only install software that comes from a reliable source (such as software you've read about in Web User - visit our Anti-Spyware Product Reviews section.

If you are unsure about a program you have download from the internet, do a little research before you jump in and install it. When you do install a program, take a few minutes to read through the licence agreement that is displayed. It is not always the case but you may be warned that an additional, unwanted component will also be installed alongside the main program.

You may also want to consider changing your web browser. Because Internet Explorer is the most popular browser, it is a frequent target for abuse. As soon as a security hole is discovered, it is exploited by malicious code writers who know that they can target the maximum number of people. With this in mind, it's worth looking at alternative browsers such as Firefox and Opera, which offer similar features to Internet Explorer but are less likely to be targeted.

Firewalls control the traffic that goes in and out of your computer and can prevent Trojans or spyware from contacting the outside world. Comodo Firewall Professional is one of the best free choices and can also prevent malware from tampering with your system. Other good programs include PC Tools Firewall Plus and ZoneAlarm Free Firewall.

How can I remove and stop spyware?
There are measures you can take to stop spyware and some of them are available free of charge. Some software will scan your system and delete any spyware from your PC, others will prevent spyware from getting on your PC, while some will do both functions.

Clear your system of spyware and tracking cookies using Spybot - Search & Destroy. As well as removing malware, the program can immunize your browser to prevent future infections. SUPERAntiSpyware and Spyware Terminator are both also worth installing.

One of the best ways to rid your computer of spyware is using a program called HijackThis. It's free software that produces a log file from your PC that reveals the whereabouts of internet nasties on your system. HijackThis logs should be analysed by experienced web users before you attempt to change anything. Web User Hijack This Forums is a great place to get your HijackThis logs analysed free of charge

Are there are any anti-spyware programs to avoid?
Some anti-spyware products claim they've scanned your system and found malicious spyware applications. But very often they won't tell you where the electronic culprits are hiding unless you part with your cash. The anti-spyware might not be very effective or reliable because it's been poorly written. It may be that the creators of the product are after a fast buck or it could be a genuine lack of attention or thought. A rare number of anti-spyware programs are actually a front for key-logging software, so you can have personal information stolen. If you're unsure of a product, check out Spyware Warrior for any warnings.

Any other tips?

• Don't trust random pop-up warnings that claim your machine is infected. Close them by pressing CTRL+W.
• Run regular scans on your machine to make sure it hasn't become infested.
• Don't forget to keep your anti-virus software up-to-date and your firewall enabled.